Network security tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

System security instruments - Essay Example Wireshark alongside insider are two open source programs that are fundamental for any cybersecurity dangers. Bundle separating is a critical segment of entrance and departure sifting must be directed. System conventions will in general ensure traffic inside the domains of their own systems. In any case, inserting entrance and departure organize separating will guarantee that active traffic gets endorsement. Another extraordinary apparatus for systems security is Secunia. The usefulness of Secunia PCI is to go about as an IDS and an enemy of infection framework, a multi-valuable perspective for organize security. It checks the PC and distinguishes programs. It at that point supplies your PC with the fundamental programming security updates to keep it safe and filtering. One of the most conspicuous thought of this product. Secunia PCI firewalls provide extensive safety efforts that screen movement inside customers. On the off chance that one machine is to be assaulted by a host, th e other machine naturally duplicates information in practically unique time that the client doesn't know about the circumstance. Another extraordinary system instrument is EasySoft is incredible outsider arrangement that will stop a gatecrasher from infusion pernicious code introduction strings. This cures against programmers and different malevolent gatecrashers attempting to parody the

Impact of Mental Health Act 2007 on Children

Effect of Mental Health Act 2007 on Children The revisions brought into the Mental Health Act 1983 by the Mental Health Act 2007, altering s.131 of the 1983 Act, according to the casual confirmation of 16 and multi year olds is, finally, a positive development and goes some approach to tending to an unsuitable inability to perceive the privilege to self-governance of an able kid. Basically break down this announcement as to the law identifying with the clinical treatment of youngsters. Presentation So as to investigate whether the Mental Health Act 2007 has given new rights to kids in regard of self-rule it is important to look at the manner by which youngsters were treated before the presentation of the Act. In doing this it will be important to look at the different Acts that have been executed and the substance of these with respect to the privileges of kids. It is wanted to have the option to reach a determination from the exploration with respect to the adequacy of the 2007 Act in permitting youngsters to have the option to settle on choices about their own clinical treatment. Agree to treatment Agree to clinical treatment is established on the rule of the regard for self-rule, which has been incorporated in Article 5 and Article 8 of the Human Rights Act 1998. Numerous specialists are of the feeling that there is a legitimate necessity for agree to clinical treatment (Kessel, 1994). Educated assent has become an issue following a few bodies of evidence against specialists on charges of carelessness and battery (Faden and Beauchamp, 1986). Supporters of the Human Rights Act 1998 accept that develop minors ought to be secured under the privilege to a private life and ought to have the option to demand not having their desires abrogated (Hagger, 2003). Quiet independence has been the catalyst behind administrative changes according to the issue of assent. Faden and Beauchamp (1986) accepted that the point of the procedure of agree is to permit the patient the most extreme chance to arrive at an independent choice. They accepted this could likewise be accomplished by influence through persuading the patient of the advantages of the treatment by speaking to their feeling of reason. Globally the Nuremberg Code 1947 and the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki 1964 have endeavored to expand quiet self-sufficiency, especially concerning clinical research. The Human Rights Act 1998 has additionally expanded the privileges of self-governance which impacts on grown-up patients as well as on young people who are regarded to be skillful to settle on such choices (Hewson, 2000). As far as enactment on the issue of self-governance the Family Law Reform Act 1991 was sanctioned to give 16 and multi year old a more noteworthy level of independence over their treatment. Basically the idea of the Act was that an individual in the specified age range would be qualified for choose whether or not to acknowledge the treatment advertised. Tragically there was a hesitance to give full self-sufficiency to young people thus so as to permit a level of parental control s8(3) of the Act was embedded which expressed that ‘nothing in this area will be understood as making incapable any assent which would have been compelling had the segment not been enacted’. This successfully permitted a parent to at present give assent with respect to the juvenile in the event that they denied the treatment. The Mental Health Act 1983 did little to help with self-rule particularly when according to the self-sufficiency of a kid. Under this Act guardians or carers of youngsters with mental disarranges were given even less self-rule then under the past enactment. Under the 1983 Act the fitness of the patient was much progressively hard to set up in situations where the patient was experiencing a psychological issue. It was seen that such a confusion was probably going to prompt the patient being less ready to choose whether the treatment would be advantageous to them. The Mental Health Act 1983 Code of Practice respects parental expert for treatment and confinement adequate regardless if the fitness of the youngster (Department of Health and Welsh Office, 1999). In 1989 the Children Act endeavored to give a kid a level of self-governance by giving them restricted rights to deny clinical treatment. In any case, the courts were told to see the refusal of the youngster in accordance with the professional’s impression of the eventual benefits of the kid. This successfully implied a specialist could abrogate the desires of the youngster in the event that he had the option to show that the treatment would profit the kid. Comparable endeavors at expanding self-sufficiency were contained inside the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1991 which expressed that youngsters ought to have a similar respect and privileges of a grown-up when settling on a choice concerning their treatment. Article 12 of the show expresses that ‘†¦the youngster who is fit for shaping their own perspectives has the option to communicate those perspectives unreservedly in all issues influencing the kid: the perspectives on the kid being given due weight as per age and development of the kid. the youngster will specifically be given the chance to be heard in any careful or managerial procedures influencing the kid legitimately; or through an agent body. The Convention was, be that as it may, hesitant to permit absolute self-governance and clarified that regardless of the privilege to self-rule youngsters are subject to their folks or carers and need assurance and direction. This generally permits those thinking about a youngster who is denying treatment to demand the kid accepting the treatment in light of the fact that they are unequipped for settling on their own choices and need the direction of their folks. In 1999 the Department of Health led the Mental Health Act Review in which it suggested the bringing down of the time of limit with regards to dynamic to 16 and embedded an assumption that a kid is viewed as able from the age of 10. Qualification among assent and refusal of treatment While tolerating that there are events when the kid ought to be viewed as equipped to give assent the courts have been hesitant to permit a youngster to decline to treatment. With the end goal for agree to be given by a minor the court should be fulfilled that the youngster is capable enough to have the option to settle on such a choice. This was tried on account of Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority [1986] in which Lord Scarman decided that the parental option to decide if their kid underneath the age of 16 will have clinical treatment ends if and when the youngster accomplishes an adequate comprehension and insight to empower them to see completely what is proposed . This case prompted the development of the guideline of Gillick fitness. In surveying the capacity of the kid to give assent the courts utilize the above case as a measuring stick for deciding the capability of the youngster. In spite of the fact that the case referenced above would seem to open the conduits for kids to have the option to affirm their privilege with respect to agree to treatment the individuals who are experiencing a psychological issue are probably not going to have the option to depend on this. This was the situation in Re R (A minor) (Wardship: Medical Treatment) [1991] in which a multi year old who had been admitted to emergency clinic with a speculated insane ailment and who had rejected prescription had to get treatment. At the Court of Appeal the appointed authority held that a kid who had a fluctuating mental limit as in the moment case would never be viewed as capable. On account of Re W (A minor) (Wardship: Medical Treatment) [1992] the court held that a parent’s option to assent was not doused by the Family Law Reform Act 1969. For this situation a multi year old young lady who was experiencing anorexia nervosa was denying treatment for her condition. Case law with respect to the enthusiastic treatment is at a change to the treatment of grown-ups. An equipped grown-up is qualified for reject clinical treatment regardless of whether the purpose behind the refusal is unreasonable. An able grown-up can likewise deny treatment with no particular explanation behind rejecting as was exhibited in Sidaway v Governors of Bethlem Royal Hospital [1985]. There have additionally been events where grown-ups who have been confined under the Mental Health Act 1983 have not been viewed as completely inept. This was held to be the situation in Re C (Adult: Refusal of treatment) [1994] in which the patient who was schizophrenic wouldn't have his foot cut away in spite of the way that it was gangrenous and that by not having it evacuated almost certainly, he would kick the bucket. In this specific case the patient acknowledged a less obtrusive treatment which brought about the foot coming back to typical without the need to cut off. It very well may be finished up from the over that inside English law a minor has the option to agree to treatment however is denied the option to decline treatment. One of the significant concerns communicated by specialists with respect to the refusal of treatment is that the quintessence of clinical conclusion is that they are required as specialists to act to the greatest advantage of their patient. Permitting the patient to reject treatment denies the specialists the option to act in the patient’s eventual benefits. Test for fitness The British Medical Association nearby the Law Society (1995) distributed rules to help with deciding the fitness of a kid. Evaluations depend on the deciding if the kid comprehends the decisions accessible, the outcomes of every one of those decisions and that they can settle on those decisions. The individual completing the evaluation ought to guarantee that the youngster has not been compelled to settle on the decision they are making. Most specialists will consider the soundness of the choice made by the youngster, anyway they ought to think about these decisions in setting of the feelings of the gatherings, their experience and the social setting (Dickenson, 1994; Rushforth, 1999). The development of the kid has likewise been an integral factor in the evaluation of ability. Kids

We all campus for iCampus

We all campus for iCampus Im not quite sure under what category to file this entry, since its partially Random, potentially Social, and relatively Academics. Fine, Academics it is. The MIT Outreach Initiative seeks to disseminate innovative educational technology tools that can make a significant, sustainable difference in how well and quickly students learn, how much they remember, and how fast they can shift from absorbing facts and concepts to creating new ideas and solutions themselves. Well, thats quite a lofty goal, isnt it? The Outreach Initiative with which I am most familiar is iCampus, which is funded/sponsored by Microsoft. Undergraduates, graduates, and/or faculty submit proposals for something cool that will achieve iCampuss goals, and if all goes well, they get funding to make their dream a reality. MIT strategy * To transform the classroom experience to promote active learning; * To promote the intellectual commons; * To foster new modes of inter-institutional collaboration; and * To build the extended university community. Microsoft goals * Create new interactive learning models for project based science, mathematics and educational technology learning; * Build tools that define the cutting edge of excellence in teaching, with a focus on creating experiential learning environments; * Publish educationally innovative content for wide-scale distribution; and * Develop educational utilities (Web services for learning) that assist in assessment, administration and content management. Okay, here are some examples of cool projects: CYCLESCORE: We connected a computer to a stationary exercise bicycle and wrote software that reads input from the bike, and sends output to the bike. We can read RPMs, calories burned, etc, and can tell the bike to increase or decrease resistance. We wrote two unique computer games that entertain the person exercising on the bike while motivating them to push themselves harder. In one game, you pedal to make a hot air balloon float over mountains while you collect coins and shoot random targets. Pedaling controls your movement. In the second game, you are a spaceship that flies around and shoots down incoming enemies. You move around freely with a joypad, and pedaling instead charges up your energy meter. The energy meter is depleted every time you take a shot. So, the more you shoot, the more you have to exercise. Our games automatically decrease or increase in difficulty depending upon your game playing skill and your physical fitness level. We call it our Difficulty Management System (DMS) iQUARIUM A hands-on, student-made museum exhibit teaches visitors about fluid flow as they move like scuba divers through a virtual underwater environment and interact with realistic-looking animated fish. The exhibitan 8-foot-by-4-foot custom-built kiosk with a display on an LCD screen controlled by a luminescent blue trackball and buttons that allow you to zoom in or out, get background information and change the kind of fish youre watchingwill open in the Hart Nautical Gallery in Building 5. SHUTTLETRACK This is a personal favorite. Basically, MIT has this extensive system of shuttles (SafeRide, TechShuttle, etc.) that transports students around the Boston and Cambridge area, but with bad weather or traffic, the buses can get off schedule. ShuttleTrack lets you track, in real time, where each shuttle is so you can plan accordingly. Here is a more comprehensive listing of the projects Which are your favorites? What would YOU create?

Politics and Christian Obligation Essay - 2572 Words

The day we believe we cannot change our world is the day we believe we cannot influence our neighbor; because to influence our neighbor is to influence part of the world. There is an underlying current that politics are not commendable for Christian interaction, and at best it should remain: a law based moral philosophy. I will argue that these positions are in error. Politics are a human endeavor and worthy of interaction by those that hold a Biblical theology. In short, Christians have an obligation to interact in politics. Those that hold a Biblical theology are those in the church. When I refer to the church I am speaking of all that would pertain to a functioning community or individual that professes submission to Christ Jesus and†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"To have a personality one must possess knowledge, feelings (including religious feelings) and will.† (Boice 1986, 150) In a similar way to the parent and child, so does humankind have freedom to acknowledge and obey God’s law. In fact, the church understands that all humankind have God’s law written on their hearts and in their minds. (Jer. 31:33) This is morality, to know right from wrong. Millard J. Erickson, in his book, Introducing Christian Doctrine expounds. Moral evil would then be â€Å"the choice and action of free moral agents† contrary to this law. (Erickson 2002, 148) But, to make a distinction, Christians hold that there is an absolute Truth; where right and wrong are not relative to the human’s understanding of right and wrong. Instead, right and wrong is subject to God’s law. Further, Christians understand that humankind is morally bankrupt, or their ability to live under God’s law is imperfect. When we consider that humankind is moral, we need to understand what this indicates in how one lives life. Cornelius Plantinga Jr., in his book, Engaging Gods World: A Primer for Students, states, â€Å"a reform-minded citizen† will be â€Å"looking for ways to address some of the deformities in human life and culture.† (Plantinga 2002, 117) In other words, the â€Å"reform-minded† church is interacting with society, and this includes politics. Politics is generally understood as the course ofShow MoreRelatedThe Prince And Discourse On Livy900 Words   |  4 PagesMachiavelli the religion and politics are inseparable and one can always appeal to religion in order to achieve a political ends. Machiavelli was not profound of the Christian religion. He holds a negative perceptions on the role that the church plays in politics. Machiavelli believes that religion is the foundation of a health republics and in order for the republic to maintain uncorrupted, its leaders should keep the religion uncorrupted. Unfortunately, the Christian states and republics leadersRead MoreThe Christian Liberty Party Is A Minor Conservative Political Party1294 Words   |  6 PagesThe Christian Liberty Party is a minor conservative political party in the U.S., which used to be known as the American Heritage Party (Eby). The name Christian Liberty Party The name expresses an idea, a principle for our times, that points to Christ as the source of Liberty for both men and nations (Eby). The Christian Liberty Party formed to provide an explicitly Christian perspective on politics (Eby). They help equip Christians as Statesmen, mobilize Christian Citizens, and Advance ChristianRead MoreCovenant Theo logy: The Relationship of the Jewish People to God and Israel764 Words   |  3 PagesCovenant theology: The relationship of the Jewish people to God and Israel In the Torah, the bond between Israel and God is negotiated in terms of a covenant, or a legal obligation. The relation of man to the Deity was also conceived of in Biblical times as a covenant concluded by God with certain men or nations, from which all laws derived their sanctity and perpetuity. God, when creating the heavens and the earth, made a covenant with them to observe the rules of day and night (Covenant, 1906Read MoreThe Military Crisis Of The Roman Empire1125 Words   |  5 Pagesviews about politics and law. Initially, before the reformation, the church had control over emperors and kings; the church was even in charge of the land laws . People attempted to bring changes in but in vain. The papal approval was a corrupt and monasticism activity. People bribed the church representatives to acquire favors; it was more of a secular intervention. Reformation, which represented the Christian church, brought humanism, which enabled people to influence the politics and law bet terRead MoreReligion Is Not For Christianity And Islam1509 Words   |  7 Pagescore features of religion are also met by politics. For this reason, it is hard to distinguish religion from a policy. As pointed out by the arguments provided regarding religion as a source of conflict, absolutism leads to a scenario where religion is concerned with the ultimate objective (Esposito). This aspect is also true for politics. Similar to the understanding that religion is instrumental in developing communities; the same can be said of politics. Additionally, religion is connected to mythsRead More Terrorism and the Just War Tradition Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pages(especially religious freedom), and the defense of a minimum of order in international affairs. For these are the crucial components of the peace that is possible in a fallen world.    This presumption -- that the pursuit of justice is a moral obligation of statecraft -- shapes the first set of moral criteria in the just-war tradition, which scholars call the ius ad bellum or war-decision law: Is the cause a just one? Will the war be conducted by a responsible public authority? Is there a rightRead MoreCatalina de Erauso: On Playing Gender Roles Essay1460 Words   |  6 Pagesfreedom involved in being a man, de Erauso formed an identity for herself that crossed the boundaries of both genders. Catalina de Erauso’s life demonstrates the gap in freedom and opportunity for women, as compared to men, in the areas of culture, politics and economy, and religion. Even the broadness of traditional Spanish culture could not remain untouched by the divide of gender roles. Though de Erauso was a Basque born in Spain, putting her at the top of the hierarchy, the fact that she was aRead MoreIn Judaism, GodS Word Is Found In The Hebrew Bible (Or1524 Words   |  7 Pagescondition can be improved, the word Torah must be obeyed and followed, and that the Messiah will bring, eventually, mankind in a paradisiacal state. Bible, originally was written in Hebrew and Aramaic (Old Testament) and Greek (New Testament). Christians believe that the Bible is the most important and valuable book on earth because with its help we can decide the eternal destiny. The Bible in Christianity is called the Book of Books, the Holy Bible, the Holy Word of God, the Light on the path ofRead MoreAna Code of Ethics Summary Essays919 Words   |  4 Pagesare nine provisions included in the ANA code of ethics. The provisions can be broken into three categories. The first category is the nurse’s ethical responsibilities to her patient which is provisions one through three. Second is the nurse’s obligation to herself, provisions four through six. The third ethical requirement for nurses is related to their relationship to the nursing profession, community, nation, and world overall. This focus is summarized in provisions seven through nine [ (AmericanRead MoreThe Role Of Female Genital Mutilation On Malia n Culture890 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Research Question and thesis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Chapter I: Mali General Information†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.1 Geographical Information†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... 1.2 Economic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1.3 Politic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 1.4 The role of women in Mali†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... Chapter II: Female Genital Mutilation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2.1 What is Female Genital Mutilation ? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦ 2.2 What are the different

Outsourcing And Its Effect On The American Economy

Throughout time, many things evolve based on current trends. The business world is no exception to evolution. In the world of business, the bottom line is key and wealthy figure heads are paid large sums to bring up profit margins and cut production costs. During the twentieth century, production costs have been cut by the means of outsourcing. Although outsourcing is financially beneficial to large businesses, it has detrimentally impacted the American economy through raises in the unemployment rate, lost countless tax dollars and compromised the integrity of products received. Outsourcing is a business tactic that consists of moving production of a product to either a sub-tier vendor or moving operations away from the company’s home country in order to eliminate costs. Recently, the most common way of outsourcing is to purchase property in underdeveloped countries and build production facilities there. The cost savings comes from cheap land for factories, cheaper production labor, and cost savings due to lesser taxes and regulations. Unfortunately, with these benefits, many exterior factors are resulted. When a company relies on a production facility that is not local to their home land, they lose the majority of the control of their operations. Many of the developing countries that are chosen to outsource are underdeveloped which comes with a great deal of instability. When a country is not developed, although labor costs are low, the education level, physical andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Outsourcing in America Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesSmith, cited by Timothy Taylor, defines outsourcing as a task that can be done within a group, but is instead done by a third-party group for less money. While outsourcing service benefits American firms, studies show it takes jobs from middle-class Americans and adversely affects the American economy; however, other research proposes that outsourcing might actually benefit the American economy. One effect of outsourcing is that it economically benefits American firms both domestically and abroad, andRead MoreThe Impact Of Outsourcing Of American Occupations Abroad1489 Words   |  6 Pagespaper, my point is to portray the effect of the outsourcing of American occupations abroad. There are two strong arguments with outsourcing: one that accepts the handiness and profits of the outsourcing and the other that energetically restricts outsourcing and focus on its negatives. Government organizations accept that outsourcing may decrease the expense of the assembling of items and give administrations less expensive cost, and others feel that outsourcing has triggered huge layoffs and lossRead MoreThe Benefits of Offshore Outsourcing Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesIf offshore outsourcing has such a negative impact on the economy, then why are businesses practicing it? Is it just because of greed? Actually, offshore outsourcing can promote economic growth in some ways. First off , what exactly is offshore outsourcing? Simply put, offshore outsourcing is a business tactic where a company sends a part of their service to another country to be run by a different company. Offshore outsourcing has been seen as a negative business tactic. However, it affectsRead More How Outsourcing Affects the Economy Essay760 Words   |  4 PagesOutsourcing is nothing new. It is a difficult issue to handle and tackle, supporters and detractors agree on one thing. That outsourcing will not be eliminated to a complete. That is why I wrote on what is outsourcing, how it affect the economy, and can it be stop. The word outsourcing can be defined in a numbers of ways depending on the type of service and the form of relationship with the supplier. Also referred to as contracting out or buying in. May be the delegation or handing over to a thirdRead MoreOutsourcing : Effect Of Outsourcing1631 Words   |  7 Pages OUTSOURCING : EFFECTS OF OUTSOURCING IN AMERICA DHANASHREE AROTE 83360 INDEX Serial No. Topic Page No. 1. Introduction 3 2. Benefits of Outsourcing 4. 3. Negative Effects 5 4. Managing Outsourcing 7 5. 6 Key Trends 8 6. Conclusion 8 7. References 9 INTRODUCTION In today’s global business competitive environment, business organizations must innovate and adapt new strategies to sustain revenue generation, value while remaining competitive. Organizations have embraced outsourcingRead MoreIs Outsourcing Bad Or Good? The Us Economy?898 Words   |  4 PagesA) Why is outsourcing so bad or good to the US economy? In general, the outsourcing is hiring the foreign workers/company to do a particular task, as opposed to hiring domestic workers/company. Besides the outsourcing, the international purchase is an essential activity of companies. In the trend of a booming global economy, a company only focuses on its core value and hire suppliers to supply the necessary product and service. The relationship between companies are complicated and interdependentRead MoreOffshore Outsourcing Essay1693 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss offshore outsourcing and the effects it has on the American worker in a technology environment. We begin with the scope of the problem and how it has changed the economy for better and for worst. Various figures representing miscellaneous data about off shoring will be represented. The topics include the background and nature of offshore outsourcing, reasons for outsourcing, why trading promotes gain, current economic standing from outsourcing, and finally how outsourcing af fects wages andRead MoreEffects of Outsourcing on Companies Employees and the Economy1634 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Outsourcing Timothy Nicotera University of New Hampshire Abstract This paper will look through the effects that outsourcing has on American business, the economy, and social issues now as well as into the future. Outsourcing is a growing trend among companies large and small as an attempt to gain a competitive advantage in both local and global markets. There are both positive and negative impacts of this way of doing business that need to be realized and accounted for in order forRead MoreThe Outsourcing Trickle Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The trickle of outsourcing threatens to become a flood.† His words speak the truth as outsourcing has left United States’ workers jobless, and it continues to increase the unemployment rate every year. During February of 2009, American workers lost a record 651,000 jobs alone, increasing the unemployment rate to 8.1 percent, the highest it has been in 25 years (Katel). Multinational corporations, hoping to cut down costs and stay profitable in the market, outsource by exporting America n jobs to third-worldRead MoreEssay about Job Outsourcing542 Words   |  3 Pages The economy is one of the most varied topics on the political frontier that is constantly debated, though there is no obvious solution to the United States perpetual economic problems. Held within the crumbling economy of today, are many ongoing controversial issues that plague our once healthy nation. One such problem is job outsourcing, an issue with many schools of thought giving the topic its controversial nature. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The exportation of jobs offshore is job outsourcing

Why we shouldn’t have more school days Free Essays

The roots to education are bitter, but the fruit Is sweet. † unfortunately, our fruit hasn’t become the sweetest. The recent Programmer for International Student Assessment (PISA) has shown that although the US may spend the most on Its students, we aren’t all high and mighty. We will write a custom essay sample on Why we shouldn’t have more school days or any similar topic only for you Order Now U. S students ranked 36 In Math, 28 in Science, and 24 in Language Arts. Shanghai, China ranked number one in every subject. You have proposed many times before on extending school hours or days to help students reach their full potential. I wish it were that simple, but nothing comes to us that easily. If this were to happen, it would surpass the real reasons we aren’t ranking high enough. Let’s take a look at high ranking countries such as Finland, Australia, and of course China. China Is number one, but also very high on another list. China’s suicide rate Is among the highest In the world, ranking number 6. When you add more school, you add more stress. Students are stressed out enough with trying to be that perfect body they see In the magazines. School shouldn’t add onto that, school should be a unforgettable and fun learning environment for kids. In China, falling Is not an option. You must attend school 260 days a year and if you con not, a parent steps in place to take notes for you. That is no way to live. Students are put under so much pressure they think the only way to be freed is to take their own life. Education and intelligence isn’t worth it at the cost of someone’s life. Both countries ranked significantly lower on the list of countries by suicide rate, Finland ranking at 22 and Australia ranking at 50. Although Peru, ranked last on the PISA, they ranked 99 on the sit of countries by suicide rate. It isn’t worth the risk. As If school wasn’t hard enough! School breaks are treasured by families because It Is the only time they really have together. Family time Is cherished by many and overlooked by many. I am one of the people that cherishes family time. With family that lives in the randomness parts of the country, I count down until breaks to be given the opportunity to wrap my arms around them again. Parents have jobs, students have homework, and after school activities. All the more reason to cherish family time. Whether you like it or not, they are your family, and you can’t get rid of them. You are pretty much stuck with them so why would you take away the fun memories? Lastly, three simple words: quality over quantity. It doesn’t matter how many school hours we have or school days. It how we spend that time Is what matters. Ever since I can remember, I have always spent my time In school preparing for a standardized test. These evil green monsters bring more stressed, but that Is a completely different topic. In Finland, they only take one standardized test when they are 16. Finnish schools have an educational system the US should new. In Finland students have smaller class sizes, and have little to know homework. Whereas in China, they were very well mannered students that wear uniform, learn in large class sizes, and have many hours of homework when they return home. Finland ranked 12 in Math, 5 in Science, and 6 in Language Arts. The Finnish education system has to be doing something right. They even have the same amount of school days as us, thus proving the amount of time spent in school isn’t the greatest factor even if other states have men improvement. Speaking of same amount of school days, we have the same amount of days as Australian children. But instead of having a long two month break, they have smaller breaks given each season throughout the year. Australia ranked 19 in Math, 16 in Science, and 13 in Language Arts, all ranks are better than ours. Even Peru, that ranked last in every subject, has the same amount of school days as us. It is all about what we doing the time we have not the actual amount. In summation, school can be stressful, we should cherish family time, and it is all bout quality over quantity. You can be the smartest person in the world, but if you don’t share your intelligence, it is put to waste. As you can see, its not about the hours or the days. In order to fix the dent in our system, we can’t Just put a piece of duct tape and call it a day. We have to investigate and connect the correct wires. These wires include such things like the school environment and students working to their full potential. We will get better in time, our system Just needs a few tweaks. Sincerely, Alexandra How to cite Why we shouldn’t have more school days, Papers

Mexican Culture Essay Example For Students

Mexican Culture Essay Outline1 Introduction2 Mexican culture essay example2.1 Interesting Facts about Mexican Culture3 Conclusion Introduction Sometimes in a merry national holiday, you may observe a reflection of some historical facts that occurred several centuries ago. Mexico, one of the most unusual Catholic countries, is capable of striking exotic values inherited from the Indian, the Spaniards, and even Americans. Mexican culture essay example Historically, Mexico was inhabited by several free tribes of Indians, whose influence is still felt. Today, there are only 6 million Mayan descendants. In communities, you can see examples of ancient religious cults, sacrifices, music, dance, or writing. All Mayan habits are closely related to astronomical cycles, so, even modern scientists are amazed at the accuracy of their calculations. In the X century, there is another strong tribe of the Aztecs built the city-state of Tenochtitlan and luxurious palace where ritual ceremonies were performed. The dual origin of the Mexico culture can be  seen in all its implementations. In food culture, the importance of maize is retained. Farming has long been complemented by rural handicrafts. Potters, stone carvers, weavers and jewelers, whose works were lost during the expansion, achieved amazing craftsmanship. A lot of artisans sell or trade their goods in local bazaars. There is a local specialization when separate villages are famous for various crafts. The products of Coyotepeka potters from black with a metallic shim of clay, animalistic figurines in Guadalajara, and iridescent green glaze on vessels from Tampa are widely known. In the Mexican food, culture is used mainly corn. Most frequently, they bake tortillas with meat filling and spicy chili seasoning. In coastal areas, class people are largely fed by the sea. Except of fish, various crustaceans, shrimps, and lobster are used as resources. Paired essence of the origin of modern Mexican culture is reflected in clothing. Men associate with low-class wear cotton garments. On the feet, we may see a variety of strap sandals, one of the few purely Indian elements of a garment. To protect from the scorching sun, the head is covered with wicker straw hats of various shapes with a wide brim – sombreros. Speaking about women we should mention that they wear dresses of light fabric and colors. They try to avoid dark shades. In Yucatan, high-class people dress in a snow-white skirt and sleeveless blouse with rich, brightest embroidery. The greatest variety is distinguished by the vestments of Indian women, striking with contrasting combinations of colors and associated with low class. The currency of Mexico is money with an eventful history. This is not surprising, because at one time the peso was considered the largest silver coin in the world. At the same time, the Mexican dollar was used, which participated in the circulation in the silver form. The only disadvantage of its direct usage serves the extortionate rate, according to which the cost of goods or services is recounted by employees of hotels, restaurants, shops or markets. Interesting Facts about Mexican Culture In Mexico the number of church holidays is large. It is the day of the local holy father, celebrated in a large village. In addition to food, music, and dance, costume parties or pantomimes, originating from the European Middle Ages, are arranged. Christmas starts here two weeks before an official date. In each town, ritual processions are held, at the head of which are Joseph and the Virgin Mary, accompanied by children. People who meet them join the crowd and move in the direction of the temple where the solemn mass becomes the result of the evening. On December 24, a family gathers at the table to taste Christmas â€Å"atoll† and â€Å"tamale†, as well as to make out the presents under the Christmas tree, despite the absence in the Mexico culture of Santa or his deputy. Perhaps the most amazing celebration where religious and philosophical views of the ancient Mexican culture intertwined is The Day of the Dead. It reflects the lightness inherent to death. After a mournful meal at the cemetery, adults begin to have fun, while the children eat up sugar skulls and chocolate coffins. Since childhood, a familiar image of laughing departure personifies the omnipotent time that brings destruction and renewal to the world. According to Mexican beliefs, the individual’s soul falls to the gods. On this day, you need to visit the graves of loved ones, inviting them to the house, bake special coffee bread and cookies in the form of skulls. One of the most curious facts is the Feast of the Oppressed Husbands, during which all husbands, dissatisfied with their second half, can indulge in the joys of life without fear of subsequent punishment. Among the celebrations, not related to the church, it is worth mentioning corrida inherited from Spain. Here you may trace the Mexican culture vs. American culture. On September 15, Mexicans celebrate their liberation two hundred years ago. When Napoleon conquered Spain, Mexico automatically became the property of France. Residents, outraged by such a humiliating status, fought for their independence for eleven years. Now, gathering annually with flags in the squares and shouting the battle cry of the free rebels â€Å"Viva!† the Mexicans pay tribute to their ancestors and listen to the ringing of the bell that once announced the beginning of the uprising. That is fact what makes Mexican culture unique. .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 , .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .postImageUrl , .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 , .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182:hover , .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182:visited , .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182:active { border:0!important; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182:active , .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Death Of A Salesman And The Price EssayThe Mexico culture is quite musical, as exemplified by roving folk orchestras â€Å"mariachi†. Sometimes pipes are added to them. The composition of such an orchestra has from 3 to 12 musicians who play at fairs and weddings. Mexican dances are peculiar, although they are based on Spanish motifs of the XVI-XVII centuries. The most common dance, â€Å"Kharabe Tapatio† is danced by couples with a complex, changing a rhythmic pattern. Among the genres of Mexican song culture, bullfights, a kind of folk ballad, have become the most popular. This song genre developed on the basis of the Spanish romance of the 15th and 16th centuries, but it acquired a deeply peculiar style and theme. It is built from quatrains with a precise rhyme, performed with a guitar with the repetition of the most melodic phrases of each verse. The classic of the genre was a rather extensive corps of the Revolution, formed in the 1920s. Conclusion Thus, in Mexican culture and traditions, Spanish customs, values, and celebrations enrich the life with differing Indian beliefs. The interaction of two such various worlds over the centuries has not only influenced conservative popular foundation, but also encompassed the sphere of professional literature, visual arts, education program, and philosophy.

Human Development free essay sample

A comparison of two literary works to describe what it means to be human and the processes of human development. (more)

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Introduction Benjamin Temple Franklin was born on January 6, 1706 in Milk Street, Boston. His father was Josiah Franklin, a tallow chandler who married twice while his mother was Abia Folger. Benjamin was the youngest son of his father’s seventeen children. He stopped going to school at the age of ten, and at the age of twelve, he was already an apprentice to his brother, James. The latter was a printer who published The New England Courant.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Benjamin became a contributor to this magazine, later becoming its nominal editor. However, Benjamin and his brother James later quarreled. This forced Benjamin to escape to New York, and thence to Philadelphia. He arrived in Philadelphia in October 1723, where he became a printer (Franklin 2). Benjamin was coerced by Governor Keith to move to London after working as a p rinter for several months. However, he found Keith’s promises empty, and he again worked as a compositor until a merchant known as Denman brought him back to Philadelphia. Denman gave him work in his business. Following the death of Denman, Franklin returned to his initial printing career. After a short time, he set up his own printing house in which he published The Pennsylvania Gazette. Benjamin contributed many essays to this publication, through which he aired views for local reforms. In 1732, he began issuing his well-known ’Poor Richard’s Almanac’. This was for the enrichment of which he borrowed his terse speeches of experienced wisdom, which are the foundation of a larger portion of his popular reputation. In 1758, Benjamin stopped writing for the Almanac and printed in it â€Å"Father Abraham’s Sermon†. The sermon is considered the most renowned piece of literature produced in Colonial America (Franklin 5). In the meantime, Benjamin was busy in the public sphere. He established a scheme for an Academy, which was adopted latter and finally developed into the University of Pennsylvania. He also founded an American Philosophical Society. This was for enabling scientific men to communicate their discoveries to one another. Personally, he had already commenced his research on electrics coupled with other scientific endeavors, which abandoned in the intervals of business and politics until he died. He sold his business in 1748 in order to get time to study.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was after he had acquired comparative wealth. In politics, he was at ease with being an administrator and as a controversialist (Franklin 7). However, his term in office was characterized by nepotism-related cases of advancing his relatives. His most significant service in home politics was his reforms of the postal sy stem. Nevertheless, his fame as a diplomat rested mainly on his services linked to the dealings of the Colonies with Great Britain and later with France (Masur 3). Franklin was sent to England in 1757 to explain to the people and the ministry of England the Colonial conditions (Franklin 10). After his return to America, he was vocal in the Paxton affair, an endeavor that saw him lose his seat in the Assembly. Nevertheless, he was re-dispatched to England in 1767 as agent for the colony. Franklin crossed to France in 1767 where he was warmly received. However, before he returned home in 1775, he had lost his status as postmaster following his role in exposing to Massachusetts the famous letter of Hutchinson and Oliver. When he arrived at Philadelphia, Franklin was elected a member of the Continental Congress. Two years later, he was sent to France as representative for the United States. In France, he remained the French favorite until 1785. He successfully conducted the affairs of h is country such that when he returned home, his reputation can only be compared to that of Washington. He is among the champions of American independence. Benjamin Franklin died on April 17, 1790 (Franklin 13). What made Franklin rise to economic success? Going through the above overview of Benjamin Franklin’s autobiography leaves the reader with the mouth agape. This is at the discovery of the multifaceted nature of the Franklin. Simply put, he was an all-rounded personality. He was at ease in politics as he was in science and writing, not to mention printing. He was, in deed, a practical factotum. Franklin’s autobiography, thus, can be read as a sort of ‘How-to Succeed’ manual for other Americans of his day and after. Franklin worked from the presupposition that wealth and status are objectives that motivate human beings in suffering. He added that these evolutionary vital aims could be attained solely in a cultural framework. Franklin expounded his astu te utilization of existing environmental circumstances, showing the viability of cooperative tactics in creating both wealth and reputation. Constantly, he underscored the gains of mutual philanthropy and related pro-social behaviors. His self-belief in the efficiency of cooperation is a reflection of his compassionate conviction that self-interest and community interest inescapably overlap (Masur 11).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Franklin, he rose to economic success through various strategies. One of the key tactics that Franklin used to become affluent and reputable was through industry and frugality. In deed, Franklin devotes a large portion of his autobiography to show how his eagerness to work hand and reduce expenses in order to achieve financial security helped him climb the economic ladder. Franklin also became successfu l economically because he underscored the viability of long term planning. His industrious and thrifty character aided him to become prosperous. This is because, at every stage in his life, Franklin had clearly defined objectives. For instance, he purported to educate himself in order to become a good writer, and own his business. With time, his goals grow in various ways. They contributed largely to his scientific research. His well-defined goals also helped him to practice effective community leadership, to the extent of achieving moral perfection (Masur 13). In order to become affluent and reputable Franklin also used competence as a strategy. He demonstrated that industry and frugality are not enough. The two traits ought to be propped up by competence for maximum effectiveness. This is evident in Franklin’s high level of skill in various capacities as a press operator, compositor, and supervisor. He asserted that his competence was instrumental in his quick rise to the a cquiring of his own printing house. The exemplary exhibition of this high skill later brought in gainful jobs and boosts demand for his services. Franklin’s competence as a writer also added to his rise to affluence and reputation by ascertaining the recognition of his newspaper and almanac (Masur 16). Traits that Franklin identifies as leading to success and prosperity In order to be successful, Franklin, in his autobiography offered readers with a number of traits that they ought to possess. One of these is silence. He held that a talkative person might end up benefiting others or oneself. As such, although it is important to remain silent, at times, talking is not altogether bad because it is not possible to determine when it will be valuable to him or her. Another trait that Franklin identifies as important in order to success is frugality. He believed that frugality enables expense for doing well to others or oneself. Therefore, for one to be successful, it is important to minimize expenses. However, this does not imply that one should not spend even when doing well to others or oneself (Masur 21). In addition, Franklin identified sincerity as essential in being successful. Nevertheless, he added that this should not be confused with hurtful deceit, which is condemned by this virtue. Franklin also believed that one has to be just in order to succeed. This virtue entails avoiding injuries to others or omitting the gains that are one’s duty. Franklin advocates also advocates for industry as a trait necessary for one to be successful.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This virtue emphasizes the vitality of working hard at a useful endeavor. In addition, moderation is also highlighted as crucial as it stresses the value of cooperation even in hostile conditions. Franklin added that it is not worthy using moral righteousness as a scapegoat for aggression (Masur 25). In conclusion, although Franklin may have devoted much of his life in amassing wealth, it is also clear that his multifaceted life did not revolve around acquiring wealth alone. It was also dedicated to gaining community reputation and status. This is clearly evidenced in the way he enjoyed contrasting the depiction of his initial runaway predisposition as a runaway boy with the famous man he later became (Masur 29). As such, Franklin tends to suggest that for one to achieve complete success; his or her good traits must be visible to others. Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York: Arc Manor LLC, 2008. Print. Masur, Louis. The Autobiography of Benjamin Fran klin, with related documents, 2nd edition. Boston: Bedford, 2003. Print.

Ethics in Information Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics in Information Technology - Essay Example Privacy in the workplace is a moral issue that directly affects the employees and the employer. The issue undergoes maintenance in an organization because various people in the organization value information stored in their computing devices (Reynolds, 2014). When an employee works in a certain organization, he or she acquires various company assets for instance a personal computer. In as much as the employer entrusts the employee with the particular type of computing equipment, it does not guarantee complete access to the system by the employer. That is the reason as to why majority of the organizations insists that various employees safeguard their private information and documents in encrypted or password protected drives or folders. Privacy operates from a wide range of issues. The first issue of privacy occurs when there is the monitoring of the employee’s web activities and the email use. Majority of the industries and organizations are adopting a policy where employee activities tracked through a log file. The main aim of the particular activity is to test the employees’ loyalty to the company or firm that has employed them (Reynolds, 2014). However, the particular scenario usually undergoes treatment characterized by ignorance and various data that is personal to the employee becomes exposed. The particular activity therefore falls under breach employee confidentiality and privacy. Several instances can force a particular company to conduct such an activity. The question on whether it is right or wrong for a company to infiltrate the personal data stored on personal computers at work places remains a big challenge. The motive of the search for what files and documents searched provides a good baseline for the conduction of such an activity. However, for the efficient conduction of the particular process, owners of the particular computer systems undergo sensitization of the exercise (Reynolds, 2014). Various right paradigms or structures

Career Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Career Development - Essay Example n Manager (SCM) includes managing orders, overseeing production, creating a feasible production schedule, coordinating production and distribution plans and overall planning and forecasting. Duties also include transportation planning and execution paying close attention to tracking. A successful SCM continually focus’ on strategic network optimization, supplier/purchaser relations and cost reductions. SCM’s diagnose potential economic indicators; evaluate reporting documentation quality and solve problems (â€Å"Supply Chain Management†, 2005). Supply chain management encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion and all logistics management behaviors. It also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party service providers or customers. In essence, supply chain management integrates supply and demand management within and across companies. Logistics management is the element of supply chain management that plans, implements and controls the efficient forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers’ requirements (College of Business Administration, 2005). Many types of businesses and organizations most likely to employ supply chain managers include communication, consulting, military, manufacturing, retail, computer service, telecommunications and transportation firms, equipm ent manufacturers, print media, public warehouses and wholesale distributors (College of Business Administration, 2005). Companies such as Cisco Systems offer wall-to-wall management of chain supplies including procurement of product components, standard raw materials, customised supplies, and other goods needed to conducted business operation. This process includes selecting the supplier, submitting formal requests for goods and services

Design of Search and Rescue Helicopter

Design of Search and Rescue Helicopter Proposal:Search Rescue Helicopter This report highlights the design process of a SR Helicopter system that can rival the competitors in the current market. In order to do so SysML modelling methods have been used to allow us to get a better understanding of the system and the problem at hand. To do so further research was conducted on the leading SR Helicopter in the market, to get an understanding of what type of features are expected from the system. After conducting some requirements capturing, key design features are created for the SR Helicopter. This is done by refining the requirements given to us by the customer/stakeholders. Engineering characteristics are then found from the key design features and represented in the association matrix. This leads on to tradeoff decision that need to be made to optimize the system and satisfy majority of the requirements given by the customer/stakeholders. Systems Design for Helicopters Through this report, we will develop a system design for a military search and rescue helicopter (SR Helicopter) that can be used in missions that is in hostile environments. Following on from this we will conduct a competitive analysis of the designed helicopter to its competitors. The baseline for the new system will be using an existing military helicopter, the HH-60G. 1.1 Background of the HH-60G Pave Hawk The primary mission of the HH-60G pave Hawk helicopter is to recover personnel from hostile environments. In addition, the helicopter also executes search and rescue, medical evacuation, disaster relief, security cooperation, NASA space shuttle support and rescue command and control missions [1]. The HH-60G Pave Hawk has been used in the past for several operations, including the Operation Desert Storm, Operation Allied Force and many more [1]. They have also been used to provide emergency evacuation for U.S. Navy SEAL teams in their operations overseas [1]. HH-60G Pave Hawk has not just been used for military operations but also for helping when natural disasters happen. For example, when there was an earthquake and tsunami in Japan, these helicopters were deployed to provide search and rescue within 24 hours of the disaster [1]. This illustrates how resilient these helicopters are already, so using this as the baseline of the system will ensure that the new system will have a solid foundation. 1.2 Aims The aim of this report is to use system design modelling tools to design and analyse a search and rescue helicopter that met the customers requirements. 1.3 Objectives Conduct some background research on the current systems in the market Refine the requirements given by the customer/stakeholders. Use SysML tools to design and analyse the system. 1.4 Further research Current Features on the HH-60G Pave Hawk include: communication and navigation that includes integrated navigation, global positioning and Doppler navigation systems [2] [1] Satellite communications [1] Secure voice and Have Quick communications [1] Can fit up to 12 troops and six crewmen onboard [1] Automatic flight control systems [2] [3] Night vision goggles [3] Infrared system that allows the pilot to see in low level light (limited visibility) operations [3] [1] Weather radar [1] Anti-ice system on the engine and rotor blades [2] The HH-60G Pave Hawk includes equipment such as retractable in-flight refuelling probe, 7.65mm or 50calibre machineguns and a 3600kg capacity cargo hook. As well as a cargo hook the Pave Hawk also has a hoist cable that is capable of lifting a load up to 270kg from 200 feet [1]. Most of these features are upgraded from the UH-Black Hawk. Which just shows how the HH-60G Pave Hawk is the leading SR Helicopter in the market in this moment in time. 2.1 Narrative A military search and rescue helicopters (SR Helicopter) purpose is to be a quick responder to finding a missing person or people. Naturally it will mean that the helicopter will have to travel at great speeds to reach the area that the missing personnel is assumed to be. But sometimes the mission commander (person who is in charge of the search and rescue mission) will receive new information on the location of the missing or injured people, which will then need to be relayed to the crew in the helicopter. Once the crew reaches their destination they need to have the technology onboard the helicopter that will allow them to locate the missing or injured person/people. This ranges from night vision goggles to radio systems. In some circumstances the missing people will have radios on them, which can be used to hail the helicopter. When the person or people are located the helicopter must be able to retrieve them from any terrain and have the space to accommodate them. In addition the helicopter will be tasked to go into hostile environments, which can put the crew and the helicopter its self through a lot of stress. The stress could range from subzero temperatures, storms and even bullets in a warzone. Usually the helicopters will be armed with weaponry that will defend its self from incoming fire from the ground and air. 2.2 Use case Diagram The use case diagram is used to allow us to identify the key requirements in the system. In addition, due to the fact that this use case is used for behavioural modelling, it allows the user to identify actors, relationships and the system boundary of the system. You can see in the figure 1 that there are multiple actors (stick figures) involved with this system. Initially there is a lot more but they are out of our scope in this moment of time. The use case in figure 1 starts off with the operational requirement, which is Conduct search and rescue in hostile environments, which then branches of into 4 other essential requirements such as Operate in hostile environments and Travel at high speeds. Figure 1: High level use case Moving on, another use case diagram was created, as seen in figure 2, which highlights the remaining functional requirements. At this stage, the use case method sometimes highlights requirements that are derived from each other. For example, from Identify person/people imperil, three other requirements were derived; Identify personnel at night, Long distance communications and Identify personnel in low visibility conditions. Figure 2 Low Level Use case The next stage will be to identify all the different requirements and sort them into functional and non-functional requirements. 2.3 Requirements Identification A systems engineer will use requirements to validate the stakeholders needs are satisfied by the delivered system [4]. Therefore a systems engineer should be able to understand the problem in different layers of perception [4]. Requirements identification also helps the systems engineer to check if he is creating the right system for the stakeholder. 2.4 Organise the requirements by Type The requirements start off with an operational requirement, which highlights the highest level. Usually the operational requirement would be agreed with the primary stakeholder which is derived from the narrative provided earlier on in the report. As well as the operational requirements, the functional and non-functional requirements are then also derived from the narrative. To do this, the narrative is re-written a couple of times, refining the information till the engineer has a set of functional and non-functional requirements [5]. It is essentially an iterative process where the system engineer continuously analysis the requirements and refines each requirement until there is no ambiguity in them. These refined requirements are illustrated further down in the report, in 2.5 Requirements Model. For this scenario, the Operational requirement would be: Conduct a search and rescue operation in hostile environments. The Functional requirements for this scenario would be: Locate person/people imperil Identify person/people imperil Long distance communication Operate in hostile environments Operate in wet conditions Store medical equipment Low unit cost Non-Functional requirements: Fit injured personnel onboard Recover injured personnel from elevated height Operate in hostile environments Operate in cold conditions Operate under fire High operating range High cursing speed High max speed These requirements were then placed into a SysML Requirements table, which allows us to put the required information in a table format. This makes the requirements much more representable and allows us to add in information regarding the requirements, such as, high cruising speed: Shall be able to travel faster than 200mph. The others can be seen in figure 3. It is at this stage were the non-functional requirememnts are added, to ensure that all the requirements can be found in one place. Each requirement is then given a piority rating (under the colloum risk) according to the importance of the requirement. Pioritisation was decided off the combination of the customers needs and how much of an effect the requirement has to the overall operational requirements. Following on from this, the key design features were decided and justified. This a critial section for systems engineers when they are deciding the likely trade-offs. The pioritisation and justifications are what influences the decisions on which trade-offs will be considered. Type Requirement Key Design Feature Piority Justification Non-Functional 1.4 Fit injured personnel onboard Shall be able to accommodate at least 8 people High The HH-60G Pave Hawk is the best helicopter for search and rescue at the moment, which can hold up to 12 people and the six crew members onboard. Taking into consideration this is when all people are healthy and not injured the stakeholders agreed that 8 injured people must be able to fit inside the helicopter. Non-Functional 1.4.1 Recover injured personnel from elevated height Shall be able to recover person imperil from an elevated height of at least 200 feet High The stakeholders wanted the system to have the cabalility to extract injured personnel from an elevated hieght. Non-Functional 1.5.1 Operate in cold conditions Should be able to operate at temperatures more than -30 degrees Medium The system must be able to operate in harsh weather conditions, which includes subzero tempreatures. The engines in the HH-60G Pave Hawk can operate efficiently in -30 degress [6]. As we are creating a system that should be able to rival the best SR helicopters out there, we decided our engines should be able to operate under the same conditions as the HH-60G Pave Hawk. Non-Functional 1.5.3 Operate under fire The fuselage shall protect the crew and vital mechanical parts from bullets less than a 50 Caliber bullet High As the stakeholder highlited the fact that this SR Helicopter would be used in the military as well as natural desasters, it is essential for the system to be able to withstand small arms fire and automatic weapons. This would be anything less than a 50 caliber bullet. Non-Functional 1.8 High operating range Shall have a range more than 650km High Currently the SR helicopter that has the smallest range is the black hawk helicopters, with the range of 592km. The coustmer stated that they would like the helicopter to rival thoes that are the best in the market as well as keeping the cost down, we decided that having the minimum 100km more than the lowest range out there, will give our system the competitive edge it needs. Non-Functional 1.9.1 High Cruising speed The cruising speed is more than 170mph Low Looking at the curising speed of the HH-60G Pave Hawk, which is at 184mph. This system needs to rival it as well as keeping the cost low. So the best way to do that is keep the cruising speed relatively close the to the Pave Hawk, but reducing it slightly to lower the costs. Non-Functional 1.9.2 High Max speed The max speed is more than 200mph High Looking at the max speed of the HH-60G Pave Hawk, which is at 220mph [1]. This system needs to rival it as well as keeping the cost low. So the best way to do that is keep the max speed relatively close the to the Pave Hawk, but reducing it slightly to lower the costs. Non-Functional 1.7 Low unit cost Unit Price shall be less than $40.1 Million High Analysing the market, the best helicopter (HH-60G Pave Hawk) has a unit cost of $40.1 Million. So keeping the price less than the Pave Hawk, will make it more appealing to the coustomers. Figure 4: Key Design Features Justification 2.5 Requirements Model (Relations) From the requirements table in figure 3, a requirements model was created showing the relationships between each requirement. As you can see in figure 5, all the requirements can be seen mapped back to the operational requirement. This shows the relationships between each of the requirements and how they are vital for the system to achieve its operational requirement. In addition, this tool allows us to highlight the requirements that are derived from other requirements. For example, in figure 5, requirement 1.5 Operate in hostile environments, has three other requirements that are derived from it. 1.5.1 Operate in cold conditions, 1.5.2 Operate in wet conditions and 1.5.3 Operate under fire. Something that should be noted is that these three requirements are not all functional requirements. Even though 1.5.1 is a functional requirement 1.5.1 and 1. 5.2 are both non-functional requirements. 3.1 SysML Block Definition Diagram (BDD) Block Definition Diagram is used to define the different types of physical units as well as intangible entities [7] [4] [5]. Furthermore, the BDD defines each blocks characteristic in terms of it structural and behavioral features [7]. The diagram can be used to plot the requirement constraints that have been identified previously in the report [4] [5]. Finally, the BDD allows the user to define the relationships between each block, for example the hierarchical relationships [7]. Figure 6 is the Block Definition Diagram for the SR Helicopter System, which as seen, has eight main blocks: Fuselage, Power Plant, Rotor Blades, Battery, Hoist Cable, Visual Software, Radio system, Armament. The Fuselage block is associated to two other blocks (which is represented with a straight line, that has no arrow at the end), Hoist Cable and Armament. The reason for this is because both the Armament and Hoist Cable is connected to the Fuselage. The reason for there not being a direct association line between these three is due to the fact that there is no signal flow between these subsystems. On the other hand, if we look at the Battery and the Fuselage there is a direct association line since the battery will power the lights and other electrical equipment inside the fuselage. In addition to the fuselage the battery also has a direct association line with the visual software, radio system, hoist cable and power plant. The reason for this is because all these subsystems need electrical power to work and carry out their operations. Each block has specific operations that it needs to carry out, in order for the overall system to achieve its goal. Visual software must be allow the pilot to locate and identify the person/people imperil (see requirement 1.1 and 1.2), in order to do so it has to have the capabilities to see in the dark, which means the subsystem needs to generate night vision display. By looking at the rest of the blocks it is now easily identifiable, of their purpose in the overall system and how each subsystem aids the overall system in achieving the requirements. 3.2 SysML Internal Block Diagram An Internal block diagram can be interpreted the complete opposite of the block definition diagram due to the reason that an IBD is a white box or internal view of a system block [4] [5]. The blocks in the BDD are represented in the IBD as parts. This just means that this diagram illustrates the flow properties between each subsystem. Figure 7 is the IBD for the SR helicopter system which can be traced back to the Block Definition Diagram in chapter 3.1. As you can see in figure 7, the power plant block has a port, which links to the Fuel flow property. This illustrates how the fuel is supplied from a different part of the system (Fuel Tank) that is outside of our scope. After receiving electrical power from the battery, the power plant (engines) can then ignite the fuel which then generates power. This power is then transferred to the Rotor Blades, which is not only represented with an association line but the Direction label indicates where the energy flow is going. So, from the power plant the power is going out into the rotor blades, which is then transferred into torque. This torque then generates lift, allowing the helicopter to fly. Moving onto another section of the diagram, the Fuselage has only one flow property, which is people. The reason for this is because the fuselage has one main purpose, which is to allow people to enter and exit the helicopter. Even though flow property is considered the flow of energy, in this case people are considered a flow of energy. The flow property people is then connected to the torque flow property of the hoist cable, as the torque energy lifts the people from the ground into the helicopter. Finally, if we continue analyzing the fuselage, you can see that the flow property is only linked to one other flow property, but there is still an association line between the fuselage and the armament. The reason for this is because we know that the armament in placed inside the fuselage so these two subsystems are connected, but as far as we know there is no flow of energy between them. Figure 7: Internal Block Diagram 3.3 Association Matrix In this section of the report we will explore the key design features that was provided by the costumer [5]. These key features are the ones that influence the system requirements significantly. To illustrate this, the key features were matched with its corresponding engineering characteristics, which allowed us to figure out the strength of their connection [5]. Figuring out the strength of their connection lead on to us deciding what the tradeoffs were. If we analyses figure 8, we can see that the engineering characteristics are categorized into five different sections: Helicopter Fuselage Amour Armament Power Plant The Helicopter category represents the whole system, which allows us to illustrate the relevance of each engineering characteristic with the overall system [8] [5]. For instance, the volume of the fuselage is affected by the height, width and length of the helicopter as well as the other engineering characteristics from the other sections. Looking at the Power characteristic, we can see that it is affected by weight of the armament, range and weight of the power plant, the material density of the amour and the weight of the helicopter its self. This indicates that this particular engineering characteristic needs to be taken into careful consideration when designing the system. Similarly, the Range of the power plant is also affected by a majority of the other engineering characteristics. Keeping these two engineering characteristics in mind, if we look into the key design features, we can see that Power and Range (of the Power Plant) affects quite a few of the key design features that are ranked at a priority of 5. Therefore, the tradeoffs we will be analyzing will be the ones highlighted in yellow. 3.4 Block Constraint Diagram From the previous section of the report (3.3), the key design features that have been chosen are Unit cost Figure 9, illustrates the Block constraint diagram created to determine the tradeoffs between the engineering characteristics. It does this by determining which engineering characteristic directly affect the key design features [5]. The blocks in figure 9 can be considered as functions, which is illustrated by the constraints subheading in the block. Using the, Unit cost 650km, the function of this is mathematically calculated with the combination of the variables; Fuel consumption, Fuel capacity, Weight, Engine Power, Helicopter speed and Air resistance. 3.5 Parametric Diagram Similarly, in a sequential viewpoint is used to help with the analysis of the tradeoffs. Figure 10 is a Parametric diagram which demonstrates the engineering characteristics that are used to calculate the range and unit cost functions [9] [4]. From the diagram and research, it became clear that if you increase the power of the engines the range of the SR Helicopter systems starts to decrease. Looking at the function of the unit cost, you can see that Engine Power is included in the function, meaning that if you decrease the Engine Power the unit cost will reduce with it. This illustrates the tradeoffs of the engineering characteristic and key design features. Further detail in how to optimize the tradeoffs will be done in the next section. Trade offs must be made to ensure that the system satisfies majority of the requirements that was stated at the beginning of this report. As stated in the previous section of this report (3.4), the parameters we will be focusing on when trying to optimise the tradeoffs are Motor Power, Unit Cost 650km. To illustrate where the optimal point will be between the three tradeoffs, a graph was created with all three parameters. Figure 11: Optimisation Graph The graph above indicates the area where the optimal tradeoff will be. This was calculated with the research information on the different engines that are used in the market and their outputs. You can see that two main competitors that were used, the UH-Black Hawk and the HH-60G Pave Hawk, are indicated with the red and blue lines. During the research, the motor power of each helicopter was looked up and compared to the range that they produced. After gathering enough data, a graph was created that would indicate the relationships between the findings. You can see that as the motor power increases the range of the engines start to increase after a certain point. In doing so the cost of the system starts to increase dramatically too. The report has explored how the current systems that are in the market, such as the HH-60G Pave Hawk and the UH-Black Hawk. Which allowed us to get a better understanding of what type of competitors the SR Helicopter will face. The next stage was to define the stakeholder and user requirements, which was achieved in the methods section. Creating the requirements table allowed us to verify and validate that we created the right system and the system that the customers asked for. To create the requirements table and other diagrams such as the BDD, IBD etc., SysML modeling languages were used, which allowed us to analys the system designed. Finally, the report comes to the following recommendations. Since the requirement was to keep cost as low but keeping the SR Helicopter in the competitive race in the market, the maximum cost for the SR Helicopter was reduced just below the Pave Hawk, at $38 Million. Reducing the cost meant that the motor power was also reduced, which in return reduced the range. The motor power didnt suffer that much on reduction but the range drop was more significant. Reducing the motor power by just 100 Shaft Horse Power meant that the range dropped from 900km to 730km. On the other hand, this is still acceptable as the requirements stated that the range had to be greater than 650km, which it is and with the shaft horse power being at 1,800 shaft horse power the engine can still reach maximum speeds above 200mph. [1] HH-60G Pave Hawk, , . [Online]. Available: http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104508/hh-60g-pave-hawk.aspx. [Accessed 15 3 2017]. [2] S. E. |. .-6. P. H. {{cite journal |last= Young |first= Susan H.H. and S. H. S. E. Young, 2008 USAF Almanac, Air Force Magazine, vol. 91, no. 5, p. 155-156, . [3] Airforce-technology Editors, Kable Intelligence Limited, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/sikorsky-hh-60g-pave-hawk-combat-search-rescue-helicopter/. [Accessed 8th March 2017]. [4] O. D. A. . C. Guillaume FINANCE, SysML Modelling Language explained, 7 October 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.omgsysml.org/SysML_Modelling_Language_explained-finance.pdf. [5] D. N. M. C. Dickerson, Architecture and principles of systems engineering, CRC Press, 2010. [6] A. O. Hyg, Cold Exposure During Helicopter Rescue Operations in the Western Alps, 01 January 2003. [Online]. Available: https://academic.oup.com/annweh/article/47/1/7/131313/Cold-Exposure-During-Helicopter-Rescue-Operations. [7] T. Editors, Block Definition Diagram (bdd), [Online]. Available: https://www.threesl.com/cradle/help/System%20Modelling/other/bdd.htm. [Accessed 5th March 2017]. [8] P. H. I. A. P. D. J. Hatley, Process for system architecture and, 2000: Dorset House Pub. [9] D. W. e. al, Systems Engineering Handbook: A Guide for System Life cycle processes and activites. [10] Wikiwand Editors, General Electric T700, [Online]. Available: http://www.wikiwand.com/en/General_Electric_T700. [Acces

Age Related Changes That Occur in the Cardiovascular System

Age Related Changes that Occur in the Cardiovascular System Age Related Changes that Occur in the Cardiovascular System In the normal conduction of the heart the electrical impulse starts in the SA node, also called the pacemaker of the heart. The electrical impulse travels through the right atrium and through the Bachmann’s bundle into the left atrium. This stimulates the atria to contract. Next the signal travel to the AV node. The AV node slightly delays the signal. This delay is needed for the heart to beat properly.The Cardiovascular SystemWithout this delay the atria and ventricles would beat at the same time. The electrical signal then travels to the Bundle of His where it is split into the signals going to the right and left ventricle. The signal travels through the left and the right Bundle Branch to contract the ventricles. As the body ages there are changes in the cardiovascular system. Some of these changes include major changes in heart rate, blood vessels become more stiff and thicker, heart valves become thicker and more stiff, the SA node loses cells and developes fibrous tissue.One major change is the decrease in the elasticity of the aorta and great arteries. The normal aorta allows for normal expansion during systole. Left ventricular ejection creates a pressure wave which travels the length of the aorta to the periphery. The pulse generated at a peripheral vessel is the result of this pressure wave and is not a reflection of blood flow. The velocity of the pressure wave is termed the pulse wave velocity. Age-related aortic stiffening causes an increase in the pulse wave velocity.The wave velocity in the elderly results in an elevation in the systolic blood pressure. The pulse wave is faster resulting in the reflected wave reaching the ascending aorta in the late systole rather than early diastole. Coronary artery disease also called CAD is the leading cause of death in both men and women. CAD is the leading type of heart disease in th e United States. CAD is the hardening and build up of plaque inside the arteries that supply the heart with blood. The main part of plaque is cholesterol followed by other minerals.This type of build up is called atherosclerosis. As this grows it occludes the arteries which in turn decreases the amount of oxygen reaching the heart. This can lear to chest pain and heart attacks. The risk of CAD increases with age. 37% of people in the age range of 65-74 years old and 48% of those over the age of 75 (REF 1) reported having this type of illness. In the 75 years and over, more than one third of men and approximately one quarter of women are currently living with coronary artery disease. Hypertension is more common in the 60 and over range.Hypertension is define as a blood pressure of 140/90 or greater. Hypertension is related to the loss of elasticity in the aorta. Blood pressure mainly systolic pressure rises with age. In a community based study 90% of midlife adults with normal blood pressure developed hypertension in late life. (Ref 2) Arrhythmia is an abnormal heart beat. It’s more common in the aging adult. Arrhythmias occur when the electrical signals on the heart are not working correctly and making the heart beat in irregular rhythm. Many different things can lead to arrhythmias.Cardiac arrhythmias can be caused by a heart attack, scarring from prior heart attack, blocked arteries (CAD), hypertension, changes to your heart's structure, such as from cardiomyopathy. Most common arrhythmias in the elderly are tachycardia and bradycardia. Tachycardia is a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute and bradycardia is less than 60 beats per minute. Tachycardia is most commonly caused by age-related deterioration of the heart or an underlying medical condition. It is a disruption of the normal electrical signal. Bradycardia is caused by changes to the heart related to aging.It is also a disruption of the normal electrical signal. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition caused by the weakening of the heart and the cardiovascular system. It develops when the heart is not able to pump enough blood. Some causes of CHF would include, narrowed arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle – coronary artery disease, past heart attack, or myocardial infarction, with scar tissue that interferes with the heart muscle’s normal work, high blood pressure, heart valve disease, primary disease of the heart muscle itself, called cardiomyopathy.High blood pressure is the leading cause of CHF in the elderly. High blood bressure put high demands on the heart to pump blood. This prolonged demand weakens the heart muscle over time. The heart doesn't pump as efficiently as it should, the blood slows down and less blood is pumped. The blood returning to the heart backs up in the veins forcing fluid from the blood vessels into tissues of the feet and legs. The swelling that results is call â€Å"edema†. Bibliography Medline Plu s, Aging changes in the heart and blood vessels, Retrieved April 1, 2013 From http://www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/ency/article/004006. htmJenkins, Kemnitz, Tortora (2010) Anatomy and Physiology From Science to Life Danvers, MA: John Wiley and Sons Inc Pat Joiner-Myers, Mosby’s Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing and Health Professions 8th Edition Medscape, Cardiovascular Physiology- Changes With Aging , Retrieved April 1, 2013 From http://www. medscape. com/viewarticle/450564_2 References 1. Office for National Statistics: General Lifestyle Survey (2007) www. statistics. gov. uk/statbase/product. asp? vlnk=5756 2. Vasan RS, Beiser A, Seshadri S et al. Residual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in middle-aged women and men. JAMA 287, 1003–1010 (2002).

Overview of Conflicts of Interest Essay

Confidentiality is also something that some volunteers of the Remedios AIDS Foundation should also learn. Although many officers of this NGO advocate confidentiality, many of its volunteers could still breach this ethical code, thus further isolating prospective clients. It is a well-known fact that the life of the first Filipino AIDS victim was made into a commercial movie, and had attracted thousands of audience – making it seem like a carnival show. This is precisely the kind of stigma that HIV/AIDS victims is afraid of, and something that the Remedios AIDS Foundation – and many other NGOs dealing with this disease — is trying to work out. The Remedios AIDS Foundation is also faced with the dilemma on how to conduct research without exposing the patients to various risks (CIOMS 1993). As an NGO that do social and medical research, it has to ensure that HIV/AIDS patients must also benefit from its studies. It is unethical to expose subjects to the risks of participating in a research study unless the design is sufficiently rigorous that the results will be valid and generalizable (U. S. National Commission for the Protection of the Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research). Another critical ethical consideration that must be dealt with accordingly by the Remedios AIDS Foundation is how to maintain objectivity in front of emotional patients. Culturally speaking, the Filipino people tend to be emphatic of each other’s plights, thus it is not an isolated case to find volunteers who are emotionally affected by the conditions of HIV/AIDS patients. This eventually leads them to quit from their volunteer work and/or to be personally involved in their patients’ cases, which often clouds their critical judgment. Applications The best thing to do here is to implement an intensive and extensive information campaign on AIDS and the advantages of belonging to a core group that can emotionally and physically assist the AIDS victims. Moreover, volunteers of the Remedios AIDS Foundation should also undergo intensive training and education on how to properly deal with HIV/AIDS patients. It must be noted that these patients are already wrapped in insecurity and treating them with slight uncertainty will only decrease their self-confidence. To meet the ethical obligations for research, on the other hand, this NGO must conduct studies whose sample sizes must be adequate. Suitable study endpoints must also be selected. It must also ensure that clinical trials must undergo preliminary laboratory and animal research. It must always take into consideration that research with human participants raises ethical concerns because people accept risks and inconvenience to advance scientific knowledge and to benefit others (Lo 2000). Social researchers of this NGO must also learn how to use language that is not offensive to study participants. Conclusion As one of the NGOs at the forefront of combating HIV/AIDS in the Philippines, the Remedios AIDS Foundation is faced with many ethical dilemmas that it is trying to overcome one by one. Although it is difficult to do in this largely Catholic country where promiscuity is being strongly detested and HIV/AIDS is being associated with promiscuity, it continues to embark on a rigorous warfare against HIV/AIDS in the country. Everything is an uphill battle because social norms and religiosity keep HIV/AIDS patients from coming forward in the open to seek for help. The NGO is looking for ways and means to solve this problem without losing its focus. As the officers and volunteers of the Remedios AIDS Foundation are also mostly Catholics, they also have to be able to move around their religious beliefs in order to stop being discriminatory to HIV/AIDS patients. They also have to ensure that their researchers are well-trained to avoid offending study participants and this can only be done by conducting intensive trainings. Lastly, objectivity should also be encouraged to avoid personal involvement in patients’ predicament. This last ethical issue should be encouraged to avoid conflict of interest on the part of the NGO. In the end, the officers and volunteers of this NGO are cognizant of the fact that unless these ethical concerns are addressed, their fight against HIV/AIDS will never be successful. References: Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS). (1993) International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects. Geneva. de Bruyn, T. (1998) HIV/AIDS and Discrimination: A Discussion Paper. Montreal: Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network & Canadian AIDS Society. Lo B. (2000) Overview of Conflicts of Interest. In Resolving Ethical Dilemmas: A Guide for Clinicians. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Reproductive Health Outlook. (1997) HIV/AIDS Key Issues. Retrieved May 30, 2006 from http://www. rho. org/html/hiv_aids_keyissues. html U. S. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. (1978) The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. Washington, D. C. : Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare. The Offical Website of the Remedios AIDS Foundation. (1991) http://www.remedios.com.ph/

Freud s Theory Of Psychology - 1226 Words

In psychology, a person’s personality is how the person feels, thinks, and behaves. Psychoanalysis was a theory Sigmund Freud discovered. It was his theory for treating psychological disorders and he did this by using a person’s unconscious mind. He suggested that there was three different stages of awareness in a person’s conscious mind. Level one is consciousness is anytime we’re alert. When we are conscious we are aware of our emotions, sensations, thoughts, and perception. Level two is preconscious contains all the memories, feelings, experiences and perceptions that we are not thinking about at that moment but can easily be brought to consciousness. Level three which is the most important level is the unconscious. Freud believed that†¦show more content†¦The ego is the logical, rational, and realistic part of the personality. The ego evolves from the id and draws its energy from the id. One of the egos functions is to satisfy the ids urges. The ego is mostly conscious and acts according to the reality principle. When a child is around five or six years old, the superego is formed. Superego has two parts, the conscience consists of all the behaviors for which the child has been punished and about which he or she feels guilty. And the ego ideal comprises the behaviors for which the child had been praised and rewarded and about which he or she feels pride and satisfaction. Freud asserted that the sexual instinct is present at birth and develops through a series of psychosexual stages, providing the driving force for all feelings and behaviors. The stages are the oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, and genital stage. One of the most controversial features of Freud’s stage theory is the Oedipus complex, this is a conflict that arises during the phallic stage in which a child is sexually attracted to the opposite sex parent and feels hostility towards the same sex parent. Freud is credited with calling attention to the unconscious and the role of defense mechanisms. Scientists have discovered what exactly self-esteem is and why is it so important. The sense of self-esteem is influences by comparisons of one’s real self to ones desired self. Most people’s self-esteem is based